Fruit is a collective name for edible fruits and similar fake fruits such as strawberry, fig, pineapple, apple and pear. Most common refers to autumn fruit or fruit from trees such as apples and pears. Given the multitude of species and varieties, there is no simple classification.
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) was the first to classify the plant and animal kingdom in the 18th century. His taxonomy (naming) is still the basis of the current biological order and scientific naming. Via this (often Latin) name you can look up the names used in other regions and languages. The classification goes from general to specific:kingdom, (sub- & infra-), (super)devision (& sub-), class, (super)order, family, genus (genus), species, subspecies, variety and forma (form).
Often fruits (such as melon) and exotics are also included.
If you use a botanical classification, species from the same family can be grafted together.
Most fruit crops in this classification belong to the family of the Roses (Rosaceae):
Pome fruit (Malus, Pyrus Cydonia, Mespilus): apple, pear, quince and medlar. Apples and pears are considered to be "hard" fruits that can be stored longer and that can take a beating during transport, in contrast to soft fruits, such as berries or strawberries.
Stone fruits (hard kernel, genus Prunus): plum, prune, cherry, mirabelle (duckweed), nectarine, paraguaya, peach and apricot.
Aggregate accessory fruit (genus Rubus and Fragaria): raspberry, blackberry, tayberry, Japanese wineberry, mulberry and strawberry.
Berries or small fruits: berries (white, red, black), blackberries, raspberries, blueberries, blueberry, elderberry
- Grossulariaceae - Berry family: Ribes rubrum - currant, gooseberry
- Vitaceae - vine family / grape family: Vitis vinifera - grape
Notes: almond nut, beech nut
- Betulaceae - birch family: Corylus avellana hazel
- Fagaceae - cupules: Castanea sativa - sweet chestnut
- Juglandaceae - walnut family: Juglans regia - walnut
Melons: Cavaillon, Galia, honeydew melon, papaya and watermelon.
Citrus fruits: the grapefruit (citrus grandis), the mandarin (citrus reticulata) and the citron lemon or cedrate (citrus medica). All the other citrus fruits are crosses, such as the oranges (clementine, grapefruit, mandarin, mineola, pommelo, sweetie and wine oranges).
Exotics: kiwi, banana, passion fruit, lychee, prickly pear, persimmon, pomegranate, mango, rambutan
Wikipedia lists nearly 200 fruits: currant, strawberry, strawberry tree (Arbutus), strawberry guava, apricot, acerola, African baobab, Aki, alibertia, ambarella, American mammary apple, American persimmon, Pineapple, apple, apple banana, aprium, arazá, atemoya, aubergine, avocado, awarra, azarole, babaco (chamburo), banana, bau-no (binjai), bergamot, mountain papaya, soursop, berry, biribá, bilberry, bilberry, blimbing, blood orange, blackberry, breadfruit, prickly pear ( desert fig), caimito, calamondin, canistel, cantaloupe, carambola (star fruit), cas-haw apple, cassabanana, cherimoya, chili pepper, chin pear, Chinese kumquat, lemon, citrus, clementine, coronil-la, Costa Rica guava, Courgetti, cranberry ( cranberry), curuba (banana passion fruit, tacso), custard apple (ox heart), date, jamboe aer, jamboe aer mawar, jamboe dumpling, jamboe semarang, durian, grape, raspberry, feijoa, gan-daria, holly plant plum, genipapo, gooseberry (pineapple cherry, Cape gooseberry), pomegranate, grape fruit, grosella, guava (jamboe cuckoo), honey melon, ika plum, jaboticaba, jackfruit (jackfruit), jackal berry, jam-bolan, japanese wine berry, Jujube, persimmon, kapulasan, boulder apple, cherry, etembilla, kiwano, kiwi, blinka, coconut, cucumber, korlan, gooseberry, kumquat, quince, kwini, langat, rowan, lime (lime), longan, loquat, lotus, lulo, lychee, mabolo, mamey sapota, mandarin, mangistan, mango, marang, melon, mexican cherry, mini kiwi, medlar, mulberry, mulberry, moriche, nance, nashipeer, natal plum, nectarine, noni, elephant apple, olive, orinoco apple, papaya, papeda, paprika , passion fruit (maracuja, granadilla), pawpaw, pear, pepino (melon pear), peach, peach palm, pitaja, pitomba I, pitomba II, pluot, pomelo, grapefruit, beautiful raspberry, beautiful mango, plum, rambutan, rice berry, red currant , lingonberry, red mulberry, red mombin plum, rosehip, salak, santol, sapodilla, satsuma, screw palm, sharon fruit, orange, slime apple, soncoya, star fruit, smelly mango, grape on the beach, suri-name cherry, sweetie, switbonki, tamarillo (tree tomato), tjamp roof, tomato, tomatillo, ugli, fig, elderberry, wampi, white currant, white zapote, watermelon, yang mei, sweet cherry, sweet passion fruit, sweet sack (sugar apple), sour cherry, soursop (guanábana), black currant (cassis), black mulberry, black zapote
The (certainly not complete) list of apple varieties has more than 80 names. So there is plenty of choice. Before planting it is best to taste and check which species are doing well in the region. You will soon have too much fruit on a mature tree, so the storage life is an important choice factor, and the spread between early and late varieties.